Grammar — A1

German has personal pronouns for each grammatical person and number. Unlike English, German distinguishes between informal (du/ihr) and formal (Sie) address. The formal 'Sie' is always capitalized.

• • ich (I), du (you, informal singular), er (he), sie (she), es (it)
• • wir (we), ihr (you, informal plural), sie (they), Sie (you, formal)
• • Use 'du' with friends, family, and children; use 'Sie' with strangers, elders, and in professional settings
• • 'sie' (lowercase) means 'she' or 'they'; 'Sie' (capitalized) means 'you' (formal)

Tip: When in doubt, always use 'Sie' with adults you don't know well. It's better to be too formal than too casual!